[Science Stickers] Working Principle and Structure Principle of Diaphragm Valve

Diaphragm Valve (Diaphragm Valve) uses a diaphragm as an opening and closing member to close the flow path, cut off the fluid, and separate the inner cavity of the valve body from the inner cavity of the valve cover. It is a special form of shut-off valve. Its opening and closing part is a diaphragm made of soft material, which separates the inner cavity of the valve body from the inner cavity of the bonnet and the driving parts. It is now widely used in various fields. Commonly used diaphragm valves include rubber-lined diaphragm valves, fluorine-lined diaphragm valves, unlined diaphragm valves, and plastic diaphragm valves.

The working principle of diaphragm valve (picture)

Diaphragm valve is equipped with a flexible diaphragm or combined diaphragm in the valve body and bonnet, and its closing part is a compression device connected with the diaphragm. The valve seat can be weir-shaped, or it can be a pipe wall that passes through the flow channel. The advantage of the diaphragm valve is that its operating mechanism is separated from the medium passage, which not only ensures the purity of the working medium, but also prevents the possibility of the medium in the pipeline from impacting the working parts of the operating mechanism. In addition, there is no need to use any form of separate seal at the valve stem, unless it is used as a safety facility in the control of hazardous media.

In the diaphragm valve, since the working medium is in contact with only the diaphragm and the valve body, both of which can use a variety of different materials, the valve can ideally control a variety of tasks Medium, especially suitable for medium with chemically corrosive or suspended particles.

The working temperature of the diaphragm valve is usually limited by the materials used in the diaphragm and valve body lining, and its working temperature range is approximately -50～175℃. The diaphragm valve has a simple structure, consisting of only three main parts: the valve body, the diaphragm and the valve head assembly. The valve is easy to quickly disassemble and repair, and the replacement of the diaphragm can be completed on site and in a short time.

The principle of diaphragm valve structure

Diaphragm valve is a special form of shut-off valve. Its opening and closing part is a diaphragm made of soft material, which separates the inner cavity of the valve body from the inner cavity of the bonnet. open. Due to the limitation of the valve body lining process and the diaphragm manufacturing process, the larger valve body lining and the larger diaphragm manufacturing process are difficult. Therefore, the diaphragm valve is not suitable for larger pipe diameters, and is generally used for pipes below DN200. On the way. Due to the limitation of diaphragm material, diaphragm valve is suitable for low pressure and low temperature occasions. Generally do not exceed 180°C. Because the diaphragm valve has good anti-corrosion performance, it is generally used in corrosive media devices and pipelines. Because the operating temperature of the diaphragm valve is limited by the applicable medium of the diaphragm valve body lining material and diaphragm material.

1. The diaphragm valve replaces the valve core assembly with a corrosion-resistant lining body and a corrosion-resistant diaphragm, and uses the movement of the diaphragm to adjust. The valve body of the diaphragm valve is made of cast iron, cast steel, or cast stainless steel, and lined with various corrosion-resistant or wear-resistant materials, diaphragm material rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene. The lining diaphragm has strong corrosion resistance and is suitable for the adjustment of strong corrosive media such as strong acid and strong alkali.

2. The structure of the diaphragm valve is simple, the fluid resistance is small, and the flow capacity is larger than other types of valves of the same specification; there is no leakage, and it can be used for high viscosity and suspended particulate media. adjust. The diaphragm isolates the medium from the upper cavity of the valve stem, so there is no packing medium and no leakage. However, due to the limitation of the diaphragm and lining materials, the pressure resistance and temperature resistance are poor, and it is generally only suitable for the nominal pressure of 1.6MPa and below 150°C.

3. The flow characteristic of the diaphragm valve is close to the quick opening characteristic. It is approximately linear before 60% of the stroke, and the flow rate after 60% does not change much. Pneumatic diaphragm valves can also be equipped with feedback signals, limiters and positioners to meet the needs of automatic control, program control or flow adjustment. The feedback signal of the pneumatic diaphragm valve adopts non-contact sensing technology. The product adopts a membrane type propulsion cylinder instead of a piston cylinder, eliminating the disadvantage of easy damage to the piston ring, causing leakage and unable to push the valve to open and close. When the air source fails, the handwheel can still be operated to open and close the valve.

4. The sealing principle of the diaphragm valve is to depress the passage between the diaphragm or the diaphragm assembly and the weir-type lining valve body or the straight-through lining valve body by the downward movement of the operating mechanism The phases are tightly sealed to make them sealed. The specific pressure of the seal is achieved by the downward pressure of the closing member. Since the valve body can be lined with various soft materials, such as rubber or polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.; the diaphragm is also made of soft materials, such as rubber or synthetic rubber lined polytetrafluoroethylene, so it can be achieved with a smaller sealing force Completely sealed.

5. Diaphragm valve has only three main parts: valve body, diaphragm and bonnet assembly. The diaphragm separates the inner cavity of the lower valve body from the inner cavity of the upper valve cover, so that the valve stem, valve stem nut, valve clack, pneumatic control mechanism, electric control mechanism and other parts located above the diaphragm do not come into contact with the medium, and no medium is generated. External leakage saves the sealing structure of the stuffing box.

6. Diaphragm valves can be divided into six types according to their structure: house type, direct flow type, cut-off type, straight-through type, gate type and right angle type; the connection type is usually flange Connection: According to the driving mode, it can be divided into three types: manual, electric and pneumatic, among which pneumatic driving is divided into three types: normally open, normally closed and reciprocating.